Allowing Modified Cars on the Road in the European Union

Allowing modified cars on the road in the European Union One of the hardest-fought controversies in the European Union today surrounds the standardization of requirements for consumer goods. Regarding this issue as it pertains to cars, this debate has proven to be particularly heated. Different nations have different safety standards, driving habits, and manufacturing requirements. These prerequisites must be taken into account when creating a standardized format for EU regulations. Now, the European Commission is drawing up plans for a roadworthiness test which would mean that all components had to conform to those which were on the car when it was first registered (Millward). The purpose of the test is to ensure that modifications do not result in compromises to safety or environmental sustainability. Ultimately, the phrasing of the law is written so restrictive and cumbersome it is more detrimental than helpful to consumers. The first objection raised by automotive industry professionals to the recent EU proposal regarding modified cars was that it would unfairly penalize owners of classic cars. Aficionados of classic cars call their beloved vehicles pieces of living history. Even responsible owners wishing to modify their cars to adhere to the current standards, would effectively be penalized. The focus of the EU on classic cars seems strange: classic cars make up only a small portion of vehicles on the road, tend to be second vehicles, and are oftenShow MoreRelatedAllowing Modified Cars on Road in the European Union960 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Allowing modified cars on the road in the European Union: Why banning all modified cars by the EU Ministry of Transportation is unsound One of the hardest-fought controversies in the European Union today is the standardization of requirements for consumer goods. Regarding the standardization of cars, this issue has proven to be particularly challenging. Different nations have different safety standards, driving habits, and manufacturing requirements, all of which must be rendered into aRead MoreDescription of a Hybrid Vehicle6309 Words   |  26 Pagesthe Electrilite[4] SH lightweight vehicle which used power electronics allowing regenerative braking and pedaling while stationary. In 1995 Thomas Muller designed a Fahrrad mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb in his 1995 diploma thesis and built a functional vehicle. In 1996 Jà ¼rg Blatter and Andreas Fuchs of Berne University of Applied Sciences built an SH bicycle and in 1998 mounted the system onto a Leitra tricycle (European patent EP 1165188). In 1999 Harald Kutzke described his concept of the activeRead MoreMolotov Ribbentrop Pact7210 Words   |  29 Pagesan agre ement officially titled the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union[1] and signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939.[2] It was a non-aggression pact under which the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany each pledged to remain neutral in the event that either nation were attacked by a third party. It remained in effect until 22 June 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol dividingRead More The Atmosphere and International Environmental Law Essay5979 Words   |  24 PagesInternational Law because at the Stockholm conference the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) was created. In 1972 the world population was 3.84 billion and 72 percent lived in developing countries(Schoon 1). 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In addition, millions of people were lifted out of poverty and the middle class is rapidly growing. This middle class consumes heavily-- buying larger homes and cars (causing demand for energy resources to increase). Increased coal consumption is problematic because coal, when burned, is the largest contributor of China’s air pollution. China’s response to economic growth and interest in economic development canRead MoreMalayan Campaign - the Matador Plan5816 Words   |  24 Pagesthe stationing of a strong fleet at the Singapore Naval Base in the event of any enemy hostility, both to defend Britains Far Eastern possessions and the route to Australia. At this time tension mounted in the region fo lowing the outbreak of the European war and the French in Indo-China clashed with the Thais. The Japanese make use of this as an oppurtunity with the increase on aggression over the region as well. 7. 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the three teleological frameworks and the three...

List and discuss in depth the three teleological frameworks and the three deontological frameworks. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Of these six frameworks, with which one do you most associate? Teleological frameworks focus in the results of the conduct of the individual is favorable or not. The three teleological frameworks are ethical egoism, utilitarianism, Sidgwick’s dualism. â€Å"Ethical egoism is based on the belief that every individual should act in a way to promote himself or herself if the net result will generate, on balance, positive rather than negative results† (Stanwick Stanwick, 2009, p. 4). This framework permits self-interest to play a role in the action of the person only if those actions†¦show more content†¦Deontological is derived from the Greek word deon means duty. (Stanwick Stanwick, 2009). The three deontological frameworks are existentialism, contractarianism, and Kant’s ethics. â€Å"Existentialism is based on the underlying belief that the only person who can determine right and wrong is the person making the decisions. As a results, each individual determines his or her own actions and is ultimately responsible for the consequences of those actions† (Stanwick Stanwick, 2009, p. 6). Contractarianism is based on the belief that individuals agree to social contacts to be members within the society and holds the view that membership in society comes with duties and responsibilities. This theory is based on the works of John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Garrett Hardin, and John Rawls. â€Å"Rawls argues that everyone should have equal rights and duties† (Stanwick Stanwick, 2009, p. 7). Also he stated that social and economic inequalities are acceptable to the society only if these inequalities generate benefits for everyone. Kant’s Ethics are based in the book of Immanuel Kant, Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals (1785), where he discussed ethical decisions based on the free will when an individual should act in a way in which one would expect everyone to act. His point of view is considered a dualism because it attempted to bridge the gap between the existentialism and contractarian point of view. (Stanwick Stanwick,Show MoreRelatedDilemmas Vs C hatbots812 Words   |  4 PagesComparison between our Framework and other Frameworks Our framework has a lot in common with the IBM framework, as well as the framework proposed by Keith Klundt. Between both our framework and IBMs framework, privacy is incredibly important. Making sure that the user can have complete trust in the chatbot. That trust is vital for the chatbot to really be effective. All three of the frameworks in question mention that there should be no abuse of humans by the chatbot. 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Ethics and Ethical Frameworks Ethics are used by individuals to differentiate between right and wrong when interacting with the world, broadly, it is a system of moral principles. Within practices, establishing a mutual approach to guide ethical decision-making are essential and identified as ethical frameworks (A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions, 2017). There are two fundamental ethical frameworks generally recognized: deontology or teleology. These frameworks subsume a variety of ethicalRead MoreEthical Dilemmas : Responsibilities And The Case1808 Words   |  8 Pagesnot. Ethics and Ethical Frameworks Ethics are used by individuals to differentiate between right and wrong when interacting with the world, broadly, it is a system of moral principles. Within practices, establishing a mutual approach to guide ethical decision-making are essential and identified as ethical frameworks (A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions, 2017). 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Regeneration and Delusion Free Essays

Explore how Pat Barker portrays the theme of escape in Regeneration and explain what this tells you about the effects of war. â€Å"In peace, children inter their parents; War violates the order of nature and causes parents to inter their children. † † Herodotus (484BC – 430BC) Regeneration is a novel that tells the story of soldiers of World War One sent to an asylum due to emotional tribulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Regeneration and Delusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Regeneration connects as a â€Å"back door into the present†, particularly with the theme of escape; and Barker chooses to portray this through her faction novel. Inveterate indications of escape throughout the novel are masculation, sex, death and a sense of reality. It is genuinely hard to be sure what the majority of people in Britain knew about the war and battles like the Somme from the media of the day. The newspapers and their reporters offered a wide range of styles and opinions – as they still do – but often walked a difficult line between patriotic support for the war and a desire to convey its terrible nature. An extensive atmosphere of patriotism was generated by insincere information such as the propaganda. The media were supercilious, dehumanising the Germans to attract more soldiers, promising them that they would gain rare pportunities such as travel. Men, as well as women, were disillusioned. The reality of war was distorted and no longer became a heroic affair. Sassoon may be disillusioned when he mentions that this war may have been Justified â€Å"†¦ when it started†¦ † (Pg. 13). The authenticity of world war one was erroneous to the world surrounding the war. What the world saw was a picture that was glorified by the continuous mendaciousness made by the government and the commanding officers themselves. In Regeneration the reader is presented with Sassoon’s ‘Soldier’s Declaration’ (Pg. 3) written in July 1917 to declare that the war is futile. Sassoon’s declaration, a â€Å"wilful defiance of military authority’, clearly and logically states his decision to stop fghting as a soldier in world war one and clearly paints a vision of escape in the readers minds. He believes that the purpose of war has changed; what was once a war of liberation and defence has become one of aggression. This is a historical document and is one that was not suppressed merely due to the fact that Sassoon was a commanding officer. Because he was a commanding officer his document truly revealed the ways his beliefs got him to escape the war but make a trong argument too.. In Regeneration mental escape is the only way to relieve yourself of the war for a second until the next gunfire, the next shell blows or the next person comes into your care. Burns is a character who seems to be incapable of escaping his mental trauma caused by the war. He would tell you that the images of dying men and being ‘inside the stomach of a half blown German soldier’ (Pg. 19) with the stench of rotting innards devouring your nostrils would scar you mentally. eing wedged into a hole; and the heroic adventure was not nearly as heroic as the oldiers would have hoped for, Barker represented this through the struggle of men being sent to Craiglockhart and still never escaping the trenches as victims were immune to normal human life and trench life was still attached to their lives. The verisimilitudes of the characters of th is novel conform to our sense of reality. Barker uses unadorned dialect and language which was not used at the time to maintain a sense of veracity. It seems as though every character has a need to escape and Barker presents us with this idea through her language. Barker changes her use of language by changing the tmosphere and stripping away the dialogue, to romantic and poetic. She does this to remind us that Sassoon is sensitive and has a poetic side to him and this makes the reader feel closer to him, particularly when Graves identifies him as â€Å"Sass.. † A technique in which Barker depicts escape is bird imagery. This could be linked with religion in a way that white doves were a major symbol in Christianity and were symbolic of freedom and peace. Just the idea of birds makes the reader wonder about how they fly so freely and Burns manages to grab hold of this by â€Å"drifting off to sleep† (Pg. ) He is entering a dreamful state in which â€Å"he could stay there forever†. His dream reminds the reader of the preciousness of escape â€Å"A shaft of sunlight filtered through the leaves (†¦ ) shone sapphire, emerald, and amethyst. † This is proof that he can in fact escape in his dream world. This shaft o f light filtering through the leaves could be perceived as a motion of escape; Barker is hinting a glimmer of escape but not fully letting the light shine through representing the mental state of Burns. There is also a sense of escape though bird imagery again when Rivers is â€Å"under the spell of flickering birds† (Pg. ) however this is in a different light. With Burns, his sense of escape was in a dreamful manner but with Prior’s suffocation, the bird imagery sheds a new light, one of no escape. Even though Prior is out of war, his own problems still bother him and this shows that escape is Just an illusion. Another way Barker chooses to portray momentary escape is through the theme of sex and death. She chooses to depict her use of this type of escape through her creation of a character; Prior and her fairly new character, Sarah Lumb. Barker uses sensual language in the graveyard scene which is highly contrasting the general etting; sex in the midst of death. Generally, you are not meant to have this kind of interaction in such a holy place, this was a sign of disrespect. Barker could perhaps be commenting on how the war shook people’s religious views. Living through the war and being surrounded by death must have changed people’s views and no wonder attitudes towards sex changed as it was for some if only means of comfort and life affirmation. as Barker is subtly suggesting. However, the life ofa chick consists of living and dying in the hands of humans and this resembles the scene of the war; men were orn, sent to war, and slaughtered in the hands of human beings. It almost seems as though Barker is using allegory to describe the process of a hatching chick which ironically resemble the lives of the soldiers. (Pg. 1 52) â€Å"He remembered them struggling out of the eggs (†¦ ) curiously powerful (†¦ ) now the same chicks were scruffy, bedraggled things running in the coops. † Rivers escapes the environment of Craiglockhart however he doesn’t escape his patients. He writes to â€Å"David Burns† which shows what a caring fgure he is. He also begins to address Burns as ‘David’ and this shows how the relationship between hem is progressing. The perspective of escape changes when a female is finally given the opportunity to want to escape: Sarah Lumb. Barker being the omniscient narrator finally allows the reader to see how Sarah really feels. She needs to escape as she â€Å"began to feel distinctly green and hairy’. (Pg. 159) because the state of the men were too hard to handle. The irony of this is that men harmed man, but couldn’t handle the sight of their destruction. Earlier Barker presented us with Sassoon’s resentment towards the older generation for seeing the war as glory, and now Sarah Lumb also feels a sense of anger as â€Å"she trode on through the heat, not caring where she was going, furious with herself, the war†¦ everything†. She is angry at the country for sending all of these men to war as is Prior and this could represent a link between how men and women felt the same about war if you had been one of the very many to experience it. In a reader’s perspective, this also shows and agreement between social class differences as Prior and Sarah are both of different class and share the same resentment which shows an escape of the social barrier and some sort of relief of the war. Herodotus’ quote at the beginning sums up that in war there’s no escape, you get hrown into a war torn asylum and spend the rest of your life, if any, trying to escape, through writing, through poetry, through art, Just like Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon. However there was a chance of escape if you were seriously injured, and even then you were seen as a shirker and a failure and never mentally escaped the torture of war. Propaganda lead to young boys wanting to go to the war to fght for their country, meaning the children did in fact inter their parents, and once theyd lived the reality and managed to get away and go home, their parents did inter their hildren. Older generations that didn’t experience war saw it more as a playground of little toy soldiers they could fling around making it seem a lot more calm and fun than it actually was, but the reality was quite different. Men became so lonely in the trenches and at the hospitals that any kind of physical contact from women became precious and in Priors case, the feeling of war was â€Å"like sex† and euphoria. His escape was Sarah, and many other men would find sex through prostitutes and this shows through death; even then their souls would not be at peace and fully escaped as the ar would go on, but as one soldier departed the battle grounds, a new recruit would be put in his place allured by the propaganda and media. This displays a cycle of curtailed escape. There was no real escape in war as the pattern of death and new recruitment followed the cycle of life and even though this shows a great level of patriotism, futility is the only word to describe war. Bibliography Barker, Pat – Regeneration (England, 1991. Viking) Reusch, Wera – ‘A backdoor into the present’ an interview with Pat Barker, Germany. Lolapress (Translated from German) Nixon, Rob – An Interview with Pat Barker (England, February, 1992) How to cite Regeneration and Delusion, Papers